【特殊疑问句知识点】在英语学习中，特殊疑问句是一种用来提问特定信息的句型，常用于询问人、事、物、地点、时间、原因、方式等。掌握特殊疑问句的结构和用法，有助于提高语言表达的准确性和灵活性。
一、特殊疑问句的基本结构
特殊疑问句通常由疑问词（如 what, where, when, why, how 等）+ 助动词/系动词 + 主语 + 其他成分构成。根据句子的时态和主语的不同，结构也会有所变化。
| 疑问词 | 结构示例 | 说明 |
| What | What is your name? | 询问事物或身份 |
| Where | Where do you live? | 询问地点 |
| When | When did you arrive? | 询问时间 |
| Why | Why are you late? | 询问原因 |
| How | How do you go to school? | 询问方式 |
| Who | Who is that man? | 询问人物 |
| Whom | Whom did you meet? | 询问宾语（较正式） |
| Which | Which book do you like? | 询问选择中的一个 |
| How many | How many students are there? | 询问数量（可数名词） |
| How much | How much does it cost? | 询问价格或不可数名词量 |
二、特殊疑问句的常见疑问词及用法
以下是一些常见的疑问词及其使用场景：
| 疑问词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
| What | 询问事物、内容、身份等 | What is this? / What do you want? |
| Where | 询问地点或位置 | Where are you going? |
| When | 询问时间 | When will you come back? |
| Why | 询问原因 | Why didn’t you call me? |
| How | 询问方式、程度、状态等 | How are you feeling? / How old are you? |
| Who | 询问人 | Who is the teacher? |
| Whom | 询问人（作宾语） | Whom did you see? |
| Which | 询问选择中的某一个 | Which color do you prefer? |
| How many | 询问可数名词的数量 | How many people are in your family? |
| How much | 询问不可数名词或价格 | How much water do you need? |
三、特殊疑问句的语序
特殊疑问句的语序与一般疑问句类似，但疑问词放在句首，其余部分保持陈述语序。
- 一般疑问句： Do you like apples?
- 特殊疑问句： What do you like?
注意：
- 如果主语是代词（如 I, you, he, she, they），则直接放在助动词之后。
- 如果主语是名词，则放在助动词之后，如：Where is the book?
四、特殊疑问句的答语
特殊疑问句的回答通常不使用 yes/no，而是直接给出具体信息。
| 疑问句 | 回答示例 |
| What is your name? | My name is Lily. |
| Where do you live? | I live in Beijing. |
| When did you finish your homework? | I finished it at 9 PM. |
| Why are you crying? | Because I lost my phone. |
| How do you go to school? | I go by bus. |
五、常见错误与注意事项
1. 疑问词使用不当：
- ❌ What do you like?（正确）
- ❌ What you like?（错误，缺少助动词）
2. 疑问词与助动词顺序错误：
- ❌ Where you go?（错误）
- ✅ Where do you go?（正确）
3. 忽略主谓一致：
- ❌ How many student is here?（错误）
- ✅ How many students are here?（正确）
4. 混淆“who”和“whom”：
- “Who”用于主语，而“whom”用于宾语。
- ✅ Who called you?（主语）
- ✅ Whom did you meet?（宾语）
总结表格
| 疑问词 | 用法 | 示例 | 回答方式 |
| What | 询问事物、内容 | What is this? | This is a pen. |
| Where | 询问地点 | Where are you from? | I'm from Shanghai. |
| When | 询问时间 | When did you arrive? | I arrived yesterday. |
| Why | 询问原因 | Why are you late? | Because of traffic. |
| How | 询问方式、状态 | How are you? | I'm fine, thanks. |
| Who | 询问人 | Who is that? | That's my brother. |
| Which | 询问选择 | Which one do you like? | I like the red one. |
| How many | 询问数量（可数） | How many books do you have? | I have five. |
| How much | 询问价格或不可数 | How much is the shirt? | It's 200 yuan. |
通过以上总结，可以清晰了解特殊疑问句的结构、常见疑问词及其用法，帮助我们在实际交流中更准确地表达问题和获取信息。